PAKISTAN

GEOGRAPHICAL IMPORTANCE

Long hard struggle and sacrifice resulted in emergence of Asian State named as Pakistan, means Land of Pure. However patriots and idealist sacrificed their lives and gave everything they had so that Muslims could live peacefully and practice their religion freely. Ultimately after strong faith, determination and extraordinary leadership, on 14th August, 1947, Pakistan emerged on the map of the world. The people of Pakistan fought for a state so that they could practice their religion freely and peacefully but they got more than they expected, a country with a great Geographical location.

Pakistan is located at 26.5 to 37 degree North Latitude and 61 to 78 degree East Longitude. Pakistan is resource rich country, A land of four Season, has 2nd highest mountain known as K-2, An important logistic hub of transit sea trade, Significant Neighbours, World third most sexiest men!! and many more.

Karakoram Highway

On its North is China, The upcoming World Economic Power and a great friend of Pakistan. Pakistan extended their friendship and changed it in the shape of 'Karakoram Highway', a highway which connects Pakistan and China more specifically it joins Abbottabad of Pakistan and Sinkiang Uighur of China. which goes through the Karakoram Mountain range and the Khunjrab Pass located on approximately 4693 meters above the sea level. It joins Xinjiang of China and Gilgit-Baltistan of Pakistan. This road is very popular among tourist. Due to its height, Elevation and the condition in which it was constructed it is referred to be The Eight Wonder Of The World. This Highway was constructed to show friendship between the two countries in 1959 and opened for the public in 1979 after its completion. Later on in 21st century, these two countries laid the foundation of Gwader sea port. 

Towards West is Afghanistan, a resource rich country and landlocked state. Pakistan has always tried to help Afghanistan with the good will. The border between Pakistan and Afghanistan is Called Durand Line which is approximately 2,257 meters long. Historical Khyber pass joins Pakistan and Afghanistan. its the same pass from which Alexander the Great and later on Genghis khan came from. 

Wagha Border

Toward East is India, Since the separation of Pakistan there’s been tension in these states regarding Kashmir. They also fought wars in 1965, 1971 and came close to the borders in 1999, Apart from this, there are continuous skirmishes on the Line of control, where India violates the seize fire,  many deaths have been reported in the past few years as well. Pakistan and India both trying to resolve this situation and when this situation is going to be resolved, Pakistan and India both will be benefited from each other significantly.

Arabian sea lies to the south of Pakistan and it is the most important part of Pakistan regarding the trade route. Pakistan is the most important logistic hub of transit trade. After

Gwadar Port

the construction of Gwadar port, its importance has been increased ten fold. On the North-West of Pakistan, there lies a number of land locked countries and its sea route is the closest to them. During the Operation by American forces in Afghanistan, Maximum NATO supplies went through Pakistan. If These countries agrees to join themselves with a highway, Pakistan would give them the shortest rout to the sea which would save a lot of money. Pakistan also have an Island called as Manora. The one and only Island but famous among the tourist from all over the world.

Pakistan is The gateway to the central Asia oil and energy game. It is the the only Muslim country with Nuclear power. Pakistan is the most important link of all the Muslim countries. Pakistan intelligence agency ISI, is  world number one intelligence agency. Pakistan is the resource rich country and has The most important Geographical Location.

MUGHAL EMPERORS 

NASEER-UD-DIN-HUMAYUN

HUMAYUN

Naseer-ud-din-Humayun born on March 26, 1508 in Kabul, Afghanistan. Humayun was the successor of his father Babur and he was his eldest son and he took over the empire at the age of 26 after the death of his father and the founder of Mughal Empire, Zaheer-ud-din-Babur. Humayun was born and bred in Afganistan, in his early childhood he learned Turki, Arabic and Persian. He was interested in Mathematics, Philosophy and Astrology. He was more of an Adventurer in his childhood but to further train him his father the Emperor Babur, appointed him the General of  Badakhashan at the age of 20. the young Governor fought bravely in the battle of Panipat and Khanua, defeated Afghan chief Hamid Khan and fought many Historical battles. He was given the lordship or jagir of Sambhal.

 On his Death-bed in Agra, Babur named him as his successor. Humayun was only trained and taught to be an administrator or a warrior but increasing responsibilities and as the empire was still in its settling period so he couldn't keep up with the rapid change in political events in India.

Babur took over the empire and it was merely a military capture. He made that possible with his reputation and faithful companions who followed him where ever he wanted them to. but Humayun was new and didn't have any one of these. It was a custom in Mughals that Mughal Prince fought each other till the ruthless and the most competent one remains and given the empire His brother Kamran who hated him because he was chosen for the thrown, treacherously took Punjab and the Indus valley. His other brothers were soft and they were constantly being used by Humayun's opponents.He got challenged by his younger brother and the Afghan Chiefs, who once served his father and were loyal follower. Humayun got defeated at Chausa in 1539 and at Kannauj in 1540, ultimately expelling him from India. He wandered over in search of refuge, first he went to Sindh then in Marwar and then again in Sindh, His famous son Akbar born at that time. In 1544, Shah Tashmap of Iran gave him Refuge as well as military support. In 1545, he went to conquer Kandhar (Presently Afghanistan) and seize Kabul from his treacherous Brother Kamran. Taking advantage of the conspiracies of the decedents of Sher shah Suri, Humayun attacked and Captured Lahore (Presently in Pakistan) in the start of 1555, After defeating Sikandar suri, The Rabel Aghan Governor of the Punjab at Sirhind, He took back what was taken from him and reclaimed Delhi and Agra the same year.

The resting place of Humayun

 Humayun was a lethargic, Eccentric Superstitious toward his brothers which proves that he was friendly but an incompetent leader. His love for opium, Astrology and inexperience lead him to the his failures. He was impetuous as well as indecisive , After all his failures and weaknesses he still deserved a significant place in Indian-Muslim history, The Restoration of Mughal paved the way for the spending imperialism of Akbar. Mughal emperor Humayun, died by falling from the stairs of his library early in 1556 . His tomb was constructed later on by Persian Architect which was the beginning of Mughal Architecture.

   MUGHAL EMPERORS

Babur-The First Mughal Emperor 

 Zahir-ud-din-Babur was born on 14 February 1483 in Andijan, Andijan Province, Fergana Valley which is presently in Uzbekistan. He was the eldest son of Umer Sheikh Mirza, Ruler of Fergana Valley And his blood line somehow joined with Chaghaiz Khan from his mother side and with Timur from his father side. His father passed away when he was only 14 years old and he became the ruler of Fergana. In 1504 he came to Afghanistan and claimed Kabul and he became the Padishah. After crossing the indus, Babur met Ibrahim Lodhi at Panipat, He had not more the 12,000 men but they were his seasonal followers and Adept at cavalry tactics and were aided by gun power from the Ottoman Turks. He defeated Ibrahim Lodhi with his command and tactics and reached Agra in 1526. He sat on the throne of Lodhi and began to lay the foundation of Mughal rule, but it was yet to be established and He had yet to become the ruler of India. Hindustan was ruled by two ruling parties at that time,  Afghans and Rajputs. In the battle of Kanwaha, Babur defeated the Rajputs leader Rana Sanga of Mewar. In 1528, Babur captured Chanderi by defeating Rajput Chief, Medini Rao.

A year later he defeated Afghan chief under Mahmood Lodhi in the battle of Ghagra in Bihar. These Conquest made him the Ruler of India and in other words Master Of Hindustan.

He was the Founder of Mughal rule and Laid the foundation of Mughal Empire.

Babur and  Humayun

Babur Eldest son was Humayun who was his heir and succeeded him after his death. It is said that
when Humayun was seriously ill his father left no stone unturned to save him. Some say he sacrificed his life and some say he didn't look after himself because of him. Few months later Humayun was summoned to his jagir and He died at the age of 47 on December 26,  1530 , As according to his body was taken to Kabul, Afghanistan where he was buried in Bagh-e-Babur.

Babur was a great Adventurer, Empire builder and his love for the nature was unique. He Constructed gardens where ever he wanted and he complimented beautiful places by holding parties. He was great commander and skilled swordsman and had the quality of judging the strength and weakness of his enemies and commanders and a genius politician, apart from his Adventurous life he was a great Turki poet, his Poems became the songs of Uzbekistan and one of the masterpiece that came from him was his autobiography Babur-nameh( Memories Of Babur) which was translated into many languages and its still the masterpiece of 15th century.